Climate Change and Conflicts in Somalia
Abstract
This study explores how climate change intensifies resource scarcity and conflicts in Somalia. It highlights the impact of droughts and environmental degradation on pastoralist livelihoods, worsening competition for water and grazing land. Weak governance and ongoing political instability further exacerbate insecurity and violence in the region. This study emphasises the need for improved institutional capacity and sustainable livelihoods to address climate-induced conflicts in Somalia
Downloads
References
Ali, A. A. (2011). Environmental change and conflict in Somalia: [Publisher/Journal information, if available].
Biswas, A. K. (2016). Environmental security and new paradigms of security. [Publisher/Journal info if available].
Burgess, J. (2009). State failure and collapse: Somalia. [Publisher/Journal info if available].
Busby, J. W. (2021). Climate change and conflict: A review of the literature. Climate Risk Management, 30, 100256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100256
CCS (Centre for Climate Security). (2015). Climate change and security risks in the Horn of Africa. [Publisher].
Dando, T. (2019). Agriculture and climate hazards in East Africa: Challenges and adaptation. Journal of Environmental Studies, 12(3), 45–60.
Eklow, M., & Krample, J. (2019). Environmental degradation and charcoal production in Somalia. Environmental Policy and Governance, 29(2), 120–131. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1834
Francis, P., & Opiyo, F. E. O. (2010). Pastoralism and conflict in East Africa. International Journal of Conflict Management, 21(1), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061011017979
Ide, T., & Schaffrin, A. (2007). Environmental change and conflict: Theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence. Journal of Peace Research, 44(4), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307078703
Kisinda, S., et al. (2023). Climate change, pastoral mobility, and conflict in East Africa. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17(1), 1–15.
Mureithi, S., & Opiyo, F. E. O. (2010). Rangeland use and resource conflict in East Africa. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 1(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-1-2
NUPI (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs). (2021). Climate change, conflict, and displacement in Somalia. https://nupi.no/en/publications/climate-change-conflict-and-displacement-in-somalia
NUPI. (2025). Future projections: Climate displacement and migration in East Africa. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.
Odoh, M. O. (2012). Security implications of climate change in Africa. African Security Review, 21(3), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2012.710315
Strouboulis, P. (2023). State capacity and climate resilience in the Horn of Africa. Journal of Development Studies, 59(4), 650–672.
Tarif, A. (2024). Climate stressors and livelihood changes in Somalia. Journal of Climate Adaptation and Development, 10(1), 22–38.
Temesgen, K. (2010). Climate change and conflict dynamics in the Horn of Africa. African Journal of Conflict Resolution, 10(1), 85–102.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Mohamud Hussein

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.