The Moderating Effect of Business Support Services on the Relationship Between Group Identification and Women’s Economic Empowerment
Résumé
This study investigated the moderating effect of Business Support Services on the relationship between Group Identification and Women's Economic Empowerment. The study participants were drawn from women groups under PEWOSA. The data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, documentary reviews and focus group discussions. The study used structural equation modelling techniques to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data is analyzed thematically. The study findings revealed that group identification improves women's economic empowerment. Business support services positively impact women's economic empowerment. The interaction effect showed that whereas combining group identification with training improves women's economic empowerment, it may not lead to better results if group identification is combined with supervision. It is recommended that activities that bring women together be strengthened, tailor training activities and the supervisory function be strengthened
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Références
Abebe, G. M., Admasu, M. A., & Tsegaye, T. G. (2018). Women's access to credit through voluntary savings and credit associations in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Jimma Zone. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(10), 109-120.
Addai, B. (2017). Women empowerment through microfinance: Empirical evidence from Ghana. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(1), 1-11.
Aguinis, H., & Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual Review of Psychology. 60, 451–474. http://www.10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163505.
Alshebami, A. S., &Khandare, D. M. (2015). The role of microfinance for empowerment of poor women in Yemen. International Journal of Social Work, 2(1), 36-44.
Amaning, K., & Paul, S. M. (2019). The impact of savings groups on female agency: Insights from village savings and loans associations in Northern Ghana. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 9(2), 133-146.
Arindam, L., & Pravat, K. K. (2014). Measuring the Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: A Cross-Country Analysis with Special Reference to India, International Journal of Public Administration, 37:7, 397-408, DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2013.858354
Bandiera, O., Buehren, N., Burgess, R., Goldstein, M., Gulesci, S., Rasul, I., et al. (2020).Women’s empowerment in action: Evidence from a randomized control trial in Africa. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 12 (1), 210–259
Baporikar, N., & Akino, S. (2020). Financial literacy imperative for success of women entrepreneurship. International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy (IJIDE), 11(3), 1-21.
Barnes, C., & Li, Y. (2013). Women's economic empowerment: A review of evidence on enablers and barriers in South Asia. ODI Report.
Benish, I., &Saima, A. (2020). Women Economic Empowerment and Employment Discrimination (Quality education as a factor to boost women’s economic empowerment and to reduce employment discrimination). Pakistan Review of Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020 ISSN: 2708-0951
Bloomfield, J., & Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative research design. Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association, 22(2), 27-30.
Bongomin, G. O. C., Woldie, A., & Wakibi, A. (2020), "Microfinance accessibility, social cohesion and survival of women MSMEs in post-war communities in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Northern Uganda", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(5), pp. 749-774. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2018-0383. Emerald Publishing LimitedCopyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited
Butāne, L., Spilva-Ekerte, L., Skride, A., & Šmite, D. (2022). Individually tailored remote physiotherapy program improves participation and autonomy in activities of everyday life along with exercise capacity, self-efficacy, and low-moderate physical activity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A randomized controlled study. Medicina, 58(5), 662.
Buvinic, M., & O’Donnell, M. (2019). Gender matters in economic empowerment interventions: A research review. The World Bank Research Observer, 34(2), 309–346.
Central Broadcasting Services (CBS). (2019). PEWOSA Annual Report 2019
Chikanda, A. & Tawodzera, G. (2017). Informal entrepreneurship and cross-border trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa, Southern African Migration Programme Series, No. 74, Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo, Ontario and African Centres for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
Dapilah, F., Nielsen, J. Ø., & Friis, C. (2020). The role of social networks in building adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change: A case study from northern Ghana. Climate and Development, 12(1), 42-56.
Derera, E., Croce, F., Phiri, M., & O’Neill, C. (2020). Entrepreneurship and women’s economic empowerment in Zimbabwe: Research themes and future research perspectives. The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa | Vol 16, No 1 (2020)| a787 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v16i1.787
Goette, L., Huffman, D., & Meier, S. (2012). "The Impact of Social Ties on Group Interactions: Evidence from Minimal Groups and Randomly Assigned Real Groups." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 4 (1): 101-15.DOI: 10.1257/mic.4.1.101
Government of Uganda (GoU). (1991). Uganda Cooperative Societies Act
Government of Uganda (GoU). (2014). Uganda national local economic development (LED) policy
Government of Uganda (GoU). (1992). Uganda Cooperative Societies Regulations 1992.
Grootaert, C., Narayan, D., Jones, V. N., & Woolcock, M. (2004). Measuring social capital: An integrated questionnaire. World Bank Publications.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Hilary, C., Walls, H., Ndirangu, R., Ogbureke, N., Osman, M. B., Kargbo, T., Dimoh, M., & Ranganathan, M. (2021). Women’s economic empowerment and health-related decision-making in rural Sierra Leone, Culture, Health & Sexuality, 23:1, 19-36, DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1683229
Huang, H., & Liu, S. (2015). Social identity and savings behavior: Evidence from a rural field experiment in China. World Development, 74, 253-265.
Jannati, S., Kumar, A., Niessen-Ruenzi, A., & Wolfers, J. (2023). In-group bias in financial markets. Available at SSRN 2884218.
Jardina, A. (2019). The Measurement and Meaning of Group Ties. In White Identity Politics (Cambridge Studies in Public Opinion and Political Psychology, pp. 50-90). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108645157.003
Jhuma, S. (2017). Comparative study of training effectiveness measurement models. Engineering Science and Research Management, 5, 34-39. https://doi.10.5281/zenodo.1119427
Johnson, J. L., Adkins, D., & Chauvin, S. (2020). A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 84(1).
Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435-464.
Kabeer, N. (2019). Can the SDGs provide a pathway to feminist economic transformation? Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 35(2), 128-144.
Kabeer, N. (2020). The power to choose: Bangladeshi women and labour market decisions in London and Dhaka. Development and Change, 51(3), 731-757.
Kaitlyn, W., Chong, C., & Kyle, B. (2019). Conflict, Peace, and the Evolution of Women’s Empowerment
Kandpal, E., Baylis, K., & Arends-Kuenning, M. (2012). Empowering women through education and influence: An evaluation of the Indian MahilaSamakhya program.
Kate, A., Kelly, J., & Michael, O. (2020). Facilitating women’s access to an economic empowerment initiative: Evidence from Uganda. World Development, Volume 138,2021,105224, ISSN 0305-750X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105224. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X2030351X)
Konovalova, E., & Le Mens, G. (2020). An information sampling explanation for the in-group heterogeneity effect. Psychological Review, 127(1), 47.
Kouzou, O., Kazumi, S., Masahiro, K., & Hiroshi, M. (2018). "Critical Node Identification Based on Articulation Point Detection for Network with Uncertain Connectivity", Computing and Networking (CANDAR) 2018 Sixth International Symposium on, pp. 146-152, 2018.
Kristy, S., & Bryce, L. (2019). Quit Like a Millionaire, published by Penguin Random House, ISBN 978-0525538691
Kyegombe, N., Namakula, J., Mulumba, D., Lwanyaaga, J., Naker, D., & Heise, L. (2019).Exploring the association between social cohesion and economic security: a qualitative study of women in Uganda's savings groups. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-11.
Leach, C. W., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2007). Group identity and self‐conception: On the dialectics of belonging. In The psychology of group identity and the social self (pp. 71-96). Psychology Press.
Lefebvre, C., Glanville, J., Briscoe, S., Littlewood, A., Marshall, C., Metzendorf, M. I., & Cochrane Information Retrieval Methods Group. (2019). Searching for and selecting studies. Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, 67-107.
Liu, S., Wang, B., & Liu, J. (2020). Group decision-making under social influences based on information entropy. Granular Computing, 5, 303-308.
Loha, W. (2018). Community-led Development: Perspectives and approaches of four member organizations
Masson, T., & Barth, M. (2019). Solving the paradox–(further) evidence for a quadratic relationship between in‐group centrality and group‐based guilt. British Journal of Social Psychology, 58(4), 917-937.
Mayoux, L. (2001). Microfinance and the empowerment of women: A review of the key Social finance unit, DFID.
Meagher, K. (2016). Group-based microfinance and women's empowerment: A review of the evidence from South Asia. Journal of International Development, 28(7), 1123-1143.
Mukorera, S. Z. (2020). Is entrepreneurship the solution for female empowerment in South Africa? Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship. Vol. 25, No. 1 (2020) 2050003 (14 pages). World Scientific Publishing Co. doi: 10.1142/S108494672050003X.
Mukras, M., & Bachewe, F. (2018). The Impact of Social Capital on the Performance of Voluntary Savings and Credit Associations (VSLAs) in Ethiopia. Journal of African Development, 20(1), 93-102
Nanyonjo, G., & Nchanji, E. (2023). Seed credit model in Uganda”: Participation and empowerment dynamics among smallholder women and men farmers. Global Food Security, 39, 100720.
Narayan, D. (2002). Empowerment and poverty reduction: A sourcebook. World Bank Publications.
Njau, B., Kannady, K., Mtenga, S., Mwanguhya, F., & Klepp, K. I. (2018). Group centrality and economic security among women in Tanzania's informal economy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-9
Obermaier, M., Schmuck, D., & Saleem, M. (2023). I’ll be there for you? Effects of Islamophobic online hate speech and counter speech on Muslim in-group bystanders’ intention to intervene. New Media & Society, 25(9), 2339-2358.
Ohara, K., Saito, K., Kimura, M., & Motoda, H. (2017). "Maximizing Network Performance Based on Group Centrality by Creating Most Effective k-Links," 2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), 2017, pp. 561-570, doi: 10.1109/DSAA.2017.44.
Parfitt, C., & Barnes, T. (2020). Rethinking economic security in a precarious world. Critical Sociology, 46(4-5), 487-494.
Parsons, S., Davidowitz, B., & Maughan, P. (2020). Developing professional competence in accounting graduates: An action research study. South African Journal of Accounting Research Advance online publication, 34, 161-181 https://doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2020.1727080
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and Schuster.
Rahman, A. (2013). "Women's Empowerment: Concept and Beyond" (PDF). Global Journal of Human Social Science Sociology & Culture. 13 (6): 9.
Raskovic, M., & Takacs-Haynes, K. (2021). (Re)discovering social identity theory: an agenda for multinational enterprise internalization theory. Multinational Business Review, 29(2), 145-165.
Reshi, I. A., & Sudha, D. T. (2023). An analysis of investing habits among working women. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology, 2(3), 1300-1304.
Rottenberg, C. (2019). Women who work: The limits of the neoliberal feminist paradigm. Gender, Work & Organization, 26(8), 1073-1082.
Scelza, B. A., Prall, S. P., Blumenfield, T., Crittenden, A. N., Gurven, M., Kline, M., ... & McElreath, R. (2020). Patterns of paternal investment predict cross-cultural variation in jealous response. Nature human behaviour, 4(1), 20-26.
Schuler, S. R., & Nazneen, S. (2018). “Does Intimate Partner Violence Decline as Women’s Empowerment Becomes Normative? Perspectives of Bangladeshi Women.” World Development 101: 284– 292. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.09.005
Spector, P. E. (2019). Do not cross me: Optimizing the use of cross-sectional designs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 125-137.
Stromme Foundation. (2017). Project to empower women through savings and loans associations: Annual Report 2017. Stromme Foundation.
Stromme Foundation. (2018). Project to empower women through savings and loans associations: Annual Report 2018. Stromme Foundation.
Stromme Foundation. (2019). Project to empower women through savings and loans associations: Annual Report 2019. Stromme Foundation.
Tajfel, H., & Turner JC. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In The
Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, ed. WG Austin, SWorchel.
Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole
Tandon, T. (2016). Women Empowerment: Perspectives and Views Person of the Month: Alfred Adler (1870-1937), International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 3, ISSN:2349-3429 (p) Volume 3, Issue 3, DIP: 18.01.001/20160303, ISBN: 978-1-365-12176-0 http://www.ijip.in | April - June, 2016
Tran, D. H. (2020). Optimizing time–cost in generalized construction projects using multiple-objective social group optimization and multi-criteria decision-making methods. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(9), 2287-2313.
United Nations. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
Urena, R., Kou, G., Dong, Y., Chiclana, F., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2019). A review on trust propagation and opinion dynamics in social networks and group decision-making frameworks. Information Sciences, 478, 461-475.
Vukovic, D. B., Petrovic, M., Maiti, M., & Vujko, A. (2021). Tourism development, entrepreneurship and women's empowerment–Focus on Serbian countryside. Journal of Tourism Futures.
Wan, Q., Xu, X., Zhuang, J., & Pan, B. (2021). A sentiment analysis-based expert weight determination method for large-scale group decision-making driven by social media data. Expert Systems with Applications, 185, 115629.
Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71.
Wanjiku, E., & Njiru, A. (2016). Influence of microfinance services on economic empowerment of women in Olkalou constituency, Kenya. International Journal of Research in Business Management, 4(4), 67-78
World Bank. (2016). Gender Equality Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender/publication/gender-equality-strategy-2016-2023
World Bank. (2018). Women, Business and the Law 2018. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30455
Yadav, J. (2021). Self-help groups and women entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities and challenges. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 13-21.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nakimuli Leticia, Joseph Ntayi, PhD, James Kizza, PhD

Ce travail est disponible sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .