Kubainisha Tofauti za Kimuundo za Vivumishi vya Lugha ya Runyakitara na Lugha Kiswahili Nchini Uganda
Ikisiri
Katika mfumo wa elimu nchini Uganda, Kiswahili ni lugha muhimu kwa mawasiliano na maendeleo ya kijamii. Hata hivyo, wanafunzi wanaozungumza Runyakitara wanakabiliwa na changamoto mbalimbali katika ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili, hasa katika matumizi ya vivumishi. Tofauti za kimuundo kati ya vivumishi vya Runyakitara na Kiswahili zinaweza kuathiri uelewa na matumizi sahihi ya Kiswahili. Kwa hivyo, utafiti huu ulibainisha tofauti za kimuundo za vivumishi vya Runyakitara lugha ya Kiswahili. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya uchanganuzi linganuzi (contrastive analysis), ambayo ilianzishwa awali na Fries, Weinreich, Haugen, na Lado (1950), kisha ikaendelezwa na James (1980) na Jean (2022). Muundo wa kimaelezo ulitumika katika utafiti huu, ambao ulifanyika katika Jiji la Mbarara, Uganda, ukilenga taaluma ya isimu linganishi. Mbinu ya usampulishaji nasibu ilitumika kuteua shule 10 zinazofundisha Kiswahili, huku mbinu ya usampulishaji wa kimaksudi ikitumika kuwachagua wanafunzi 100 wa Kiswahili ambao lugha yao ya kwanza ni Runyakitara. Pia, usampulishaji nasibu ulitumika kuteua vitabu vya sarufi vya Runyakitara na Kiswahili. Data ya upili ilikusanywa maktabani kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchanganuzi matini na kifaa cha kudondoa data kilichokuwa na orodhahakiki ya sifa za kimofolojia. Data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa mbinu ya kimaelezo, ikishirikisha majedwali na michoro ili kuonyesha miundo, ya vivumishi vya Runyakitara na Kiswahili. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kuwa, ingawa Runyakitara na Kiswahili ni lugha za nasaba moja, bado ni lugha mbili tofauti zinazotumia vivumishi kwa njia ya kipekee, huku zikionyesha kufanana na kutofautiana kwa namna mbalimbali kiisimu. Matokeo haya yatakuwa na mchango mkubwa kwa wataalamu wa isimu na watafiti katika kujifunza uchanganuzi na ulinganishi wa vivumishi vya Runyakitara na Kiswahili sanifu. Hii itasaidia kukuza na kuendeleza matumizi sahihi ya Kiswahili sanifu pamoja na Runyakitara bila kusababisha mwingiliano unaoweza kuathiri lugha yoyote kati ya hizo kwa njia kama vile kufa kwa lugha, kumezwa kwa lugha, uundaji mpya wa lugha, au kuibuka kwa lugha mseto isiyo Kiswahili sanifu au Runyakitara kama lugha ya kwanza
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